![]() Many found the adjustments from their rural backgrounds to the impersonal urban environments very difficult. Many did not have money to move beyond the eastern port where they landed, and their numbers soon swelled cities like New York and Boston. While not all Irish migrants were poor, most were. From 1841 to World War II, some estimates conclude that 4.5 million Irish came to the United States. From 8.2 million in 1841, the population dropped to 6.6 million in only ten years and to 4.7 million in 1891. So harsh were conditions in Ireland that the nation's population decreased substantially through the 19th century. In later years, women provided the majority of new arrivals. After the 1840s, the pattern shifted to families as a few family members came first and earned money to bring relatives later in a process known as chain migration. Early in the century, the majority of Irish immigrants were single men. From 1820 to the start of the Civil War, they constituted one third of all immigrants. ![]() The Irish made up one half of all migrants to the country during the 1840s. ![]() In the 1840s, the Irish potato sent waves of migrants who could afford passage fleeing starvation in the countryside. Charles Carroll was a signer of the Declaration of Independence. Ireland sent immigrants to the American colonies early in their settlement. How do shifts in population change a place? State Historical Society of Iowa - Secondary Navigation ![]()
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